摘要
关于中国石器技术发展轨迹和特点,其中一种观点认为,在更新世大部分时间内,中国石器技术以第1模式为主。本文结合近年的考古发现和研究成果,对中更新世早期至距今约4万年的中国石器技术面貌进行了简要总结。这段时间内的中国石器技术呈现出明显的多样性和复杂性,尤其自晚更新世以来,多种石器技术体系并存,其中包括以手斧、手镐和薄刃斧等大型工具为特色的阿舍利技术体系、以盘状石核和各类小型工具为特征的小型石片石器技术体系、以勒瓦娄哇石核和尖状器为特点的莫斯特技术体系、以及以基纳型刮削器为主的莫斯特技术体系,后两者具有明显的旧石器时代中期技术特点。多种石器技术体系共存,这一现象反映了技术发展的区域性和该阶段人群构成的多样性,这为探讨古人类环境适应行为以及区域间人群扩散交流提供了重要信息。
Regarding the Paleolithic lithic technology of China,one opinion holds that Mode 1 technology persists for most of the Pleistocene.Using new archaeological findings and research achievements,this paper presents a brief summary of lithic technologies existing in China from the beginning of the Middle Pleistocene to ca.40,000 years ago.Results show that during this time period lithic technologies in China exhibit clear diversity and complexity.In particular,since the Late Pleistocene,various technological complexes occur.These include:an Acheulean techno-complex characterized by large cutting tools,such as handaxes,picks and cleavers;a small flake tool techno-complex that features discrete tool types,refined retouch on blanks,and an increase in discoidal core flaking;a Mousterian techno-complex represented by Levallois cores and points;and a Mousterian techno-complex characterized by scrapers with Quina retouch.Different techno-complexes likely indicate that human groups possessed different cultural traditions.This provides a new perspective to discuss human behavioural adaptation to various environments and inter-regional dispersals and contact among different population groups.
作者
李浩
LI Hao(Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins,Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100044;CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment,Beijing,100044)
出处
《人类学学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第4期602-612,共11页
Acta Anthropologica Sinica
基金
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDB26000000,XDA19050102)
中国科学院率先行动“百人计划”。
关键词
中更新世
晚更新世早、中期
旧石器时代早、中期
石器技术体系
Middle Pleistocene
Early and middle phases of Late Pleistocene
Early and Middle Paleolithic
Lithic techno-complex