恐怖活动犯罪认定标准的完善——以《刑法》与《反恐怖主义法》的比较为视角

Improvement of Confirmation Standards for Terrorist Crimes: A Comparison between Criminal Law and Anti-terrorism Law

为应对反恐形势需求《中华人民共和国反恐怖主义法》应运而生,本法与刑法在打击恐怖活动犯罪刑事领域具有承继关系。对恐怖活动犯罪的认定是打击恐怖活动犯罪的首要环节。就这一环节《反恐怖主义法》对恐怖犯罪的行政认定标准体系更趋多元,加之与刑法认定模式的重叠性,使对恐怖活动犯罪认定工作的可操作性不强。具体表现为参照标准多元现象突出、对主观标准不明确。对此我国应以行为要件及证据要件两者为标准,共同构建系统综合、单一化的行政认定参照标准,同时以行为人自身背景、行为特征、恐怖活动特征作为把握主观心态的标准。解决好这一犯罪认定的基础问题,是使我国反恐不断走向法治化的必备要件。

Anti-terrorism law of the People's Republic of China rises in response to the needs of counterterrorism situa tion,which has an inheritance relationship with the criminal law in the criminal field of fighting against terrorist activities.Identifying terrorist crime is the first link in combating terrorist crimes.The administrative recognition standard of anti-ter rorism law for terrorist crimes tend to be more diversified,and it overlaps in the mode of identification with the criminal law,which makes terrorist crime identification less operable.The specific performance includes prominent multivariate reference standard and unclear subjective standard.A comprehensive and unitary administrative recognition standard should be joint ly built considering both behavior element and evidence element,and take actors'background,behavior characteristics,ter rorist activity characteristics should be considered as the standard of grasping the subjective mentality.Solving the basic problem of the crime identification is the necessary element to make counter-terrorism towards the rule of law in China.