实践逻辑视野下的新型国际关系建构

Construction of a New Type of International Relations from the Perspective of the Logic of Practice

国际关系的"实践转向"为探索国际关系的实用知识提供了一种途径。它为中国推动新型国际关系的建立提供了一种认识方法。作者从实践理论出发,阐述了实践知识的特征、实践的特点、实践逻辑的内在机理,强调表象知识产生的概念并不直接适用于实践行为;惯习才是实践逻辑的核心,它是实践的产物,并具有创造性与变化性,但是惯习也存在着迟滞的特点。惯习是影响行动的深沉结构,也是新型国际关系最基础的保证。目前,国际力量对比的变化、相互依存的加深以及美国反复无常的政策,为新型国际关系新惯习的建立创造了外部的客观条件,但其成功建立面临的最大问题是如何克服旧秩序造成的惯习迟滞。从实践的角度来看,克服惯习迟滞可以以"一带一路"建设作为平台,用有效的实践重塑各国对国际关系的共同期待,并形成以新理念认同为基础的实践共同体,最终使这种实践在整个国际社会制度化。

The“practice turn”in IR provides both an approach to practical knowledge of IR and a method for China to promote the building of“new type of international relations”.The authors of this paper,first of all,by interpreting characteristics of practice and practical knowledge,and the inner mechanism,from the theory of practice,stress that the concepts from representational knowledge cannot directly be applied to practical action,that it is the habitus developed by practical action that is the key of practice.Habitus is the product of practice,and is creative and changing,but it is of hysteresis.Based on the fact that habitus is a deep structure shaping behavior,the authors emphasize that the habitus that the practice of a new type of new international relations develops will be the most fundamental guarantee for the great project.The authors think that the changing distribution of international power,the deepening worldwide interdependence,and capricious policies of the United States are making an environment of field conducive to the transformation of habitus from the old international relations to a new type of international relations.However,the authors warn that the hysteresis left by the old practice of international relations is the biggest obstacle to the transformation.From the perspective of practice,overcoming the obstacle depends upon the new practice of building a new type of international relations.The authors suggest that China should take“Belt and Road”initiative as a platform for new practice to reshape common expectation of international relations in the world,gradually form a community of new practice based on the new identity with new ideas,and finally institutionalize new practice in the international society.