日本的“去工业化”和“再工业化”政策研究

Japan's Policies of “Deindustrialization”and “Reindustrialization”

日本的"去工业化"进程与美国的"再工业化"进程几乎同时起步。美国"再工业化"的雄心壮志及其初期所显现出的良好效果,促使日本开启了模仿美国理念和政策的"再工业化"进程。日本的"再工业化"政策呈现出在"去工业化"与"再工业化"之间摇摆的"混沌"特征。这不但使日本的"去工业化"和"再工业化"偏离了正确轨道,而且使美国"再工业化"政策的失误在日本被放大,成为日本自20世纪90年代以来面临难以走出泡沫经济崩溃的阴影、产业空心化日益加剧以及日本制造出现质量问题等巨大挑战的共同根源所在。日本的经验教训值得正处于工业化进程的中国深入研究。

The“deindustrialization”in Japan started almost the same time of the“reindustrialization”in United States.The ambitious and its early success of American“reindustrialization”process has pushed Japan to imitate American policy design and practice.Japan’s policies are characterized with some ambiguity between“deindustrialization”and“reindustrialization”,which makes Japan’s policies deviate from the right track and magnifies the mistakes of America’s“reindustrialization”policy,contributing to Japan’s long-standing economic recession since the 1990s,increasingly serious industrial hollowing-out and challenges Japan’s manufacturing industry is faced.Japan’s experience and lessons are worth learning by China,which is in the process of industrialization.