皇权与明治维新

The Imperial Authority and the Meiji Restoration

日本经历1853年"佩里叩关"事件后,民族矛盾、阶级矛盾及统治阶级内部矛盾激化,德川幕府的独裁统治发生动摇。天皇与尊王倒幕派地方强藩及下级武士相互利用、相互借力,推翻幕府,实现了"王政复古"。此后展开的"维新"经历了政府内部近代派与守旧派以及近代派中渐进派与激进派的激烈斗争,天皇的"裁断"对于明治日本治国理政方针的选择具有决定性意义。皇权的复辟,结束了幕末日本分崩离析的社会状态,而从物质、精神和制度三个层面入手建构的近代皇权,则为国民统合提供了现实有效的轴心。可以说,天皇是明治维新的最大赢家,皇权是日本走向近代的重要支撑点。

Since the arrival of Perry Fleet in Japan in 1853,conflicts among ethnic groups,social classes and within ruling establishment in Japan intensified significantly,and the dictatorship of the Tokugawa Shogunate was greatly shaken.Japan’s emperor collaborated with local powerful daimyos and lower ranking samurais,overthrowing the ruling of the Shogunate and restoring the imperial ruling.During the Meiji Restoration,there were fierce conflicts between Japanese reformists and the conservatives,and between the progressive reformists and the extremist reformists,and the“holy decision”made by Japan’s emperor had an essential role in Japan’s national strategy.The restoration of imperial authority gave an end to the divided society at the end of the Tokugawa period.Having been constructed in substantial,spiritual and institutional ways,Japan’s modern imperial authority had become the pillar of the national integration.Japan’s emperor was the winner of the Meiji Restoration,and the imperial authority had become the basis of Japan’s modernization.