基于无人机紫外与SAR的溢油遥感监测方法研究

Research on the detecting method of oil spill based on Ultraviolet sensor and SAR of UAV

溢油污染不仅会造成巨大的经济损失,而且给生态环境带来难以修复的破坏。准确、高效地监测海面溢油仍是当前亟需解决的问题。紫外传感器对油膜非常敏感,可快速发现,但存在误判;而SAR(SyntheticApertureRadar)溢油探测的精度较高,两者相结合可准确探测溢油。无人机平台可低成本地实现溢油快速应急响应,无人机载SAR和紫外传感器的载荷重量小,可同时集成于无人机上开展联合溢油探测,以满足业务化监测需求,此方面的研究尚未见有相关报道。本文拟研究溢油不同种类、厚度、在不同海洋环境条件下的紫外图像特征和SAR纹理特征、形状特征、散射特征,构建溢油特征数据库,并建立一种基于特征组合的溢油SAR与紫外联合探测方法;在此基础上研究对无人机数据获取模式和控制单元等的改造方案,进而实现溢油SAR和紫外图像的高效获取。

Marine oil pollution will not only cause huge economic losses,but also bring damages to the ecological environment which is difficult to be repaired.Accurate and efficient oil spill monitoring is still a serious problem to be solved currently.Ultraviolet(UV)sensors which are very sensitive to the oil film can quickly find the oil film,but there will be misjudgment;and the accuracy of oil spill remote sensing detection using SAR is very high.So the combination of these can detect oil spill accurately.Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)platform can achieve fast emergency response of oil spill inexpensively.The load weight of UAV SAR and UV sensor is light,and they can both be integrated into the UAV to the joint exploration of oil spill for meeting the requirement of operational monitoring,but the research about this aspect has not been any related reports yet.The objective of this project will be designed to study the features of UV images and the shapes,textures,polarization scattering characteristics of SAR images in many different situations such as different types and thickness of oil spill and marine environmental conditions,to construct a feature database of oil spill,and to establish a joint oil spill detecting method of SAR and UV sensor based on feature combination;Then the transformation program of acquisition mode and control unit will be considered,and the method of efficiently acquire UAV SAR and UV images of oil spill will be realized.