渤海海上养殖与航运安全矛盾的海事司法应对——以2013—2016年津冀沿海船进养殖区案件为对象

Maritime Judicial Response to the Contradiction between Marine Culture and Shipping Safety in the Bohai Sea——Taking the Cases of Ships Entering Aquaculture Areas along the Coast of Tianjin and Hebei Province from 2013 to 2016 as the Object of Study

京津冀地区港口资源丰富,船舶往来密集,近年来在京津冀协同发展战略深入实施背景下,传统海上养殖业与船舶通航之间的矛盾日渐显露,船舶驶入养殖区事故屡有发生。从司法实践来看,船舶驶入养殖区损害赔偿案件总体呈现案件数居高不下,审理难度大,周期长,对养殖业和航运业负面影响严重以及跨地域社会稳定风险等基本特征。原因包括突破海域行政区划12海里界线的海上养殖行为大量存在,申请发布海上航行警告或通告制度未得到有效遵行,养殖业主违规违法养殖,船舶安全管理制度落实不严等。对此,津冀两地渔政、海洋资源、海事部门应加强海上执法力度和海上养殖、通航信息共享,严格落实申请发布海上航行通告或警告制度,同时,航运企业应严格履行安全管理义务。

With abundant port resources and intensive ship traffic in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,the contradiction between traditional marine aquaculture industry and ship navigation has become increasingly apparent under the background of in-depth implementation of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei coordinated development strategy in recent years,and accidents of ships entering aquaculture areas have occurred frequently.From the perspective of judicial practice,it is shown that the number of cases of compensation for damages caused by ships entering aquaculture areas remains high,the trial is difficult,the period is long,and the negative impact on aquaculture and shipping industry is serious,as well as there is potential risk of social stability across regions.There are many reasons including a large number of mariculture practices breaking through the 12-mile boundary of the maritime administrative division,the failure to effectively comply with the application for issuing warnings or announcements for maritime navigation,illegal mariculture by the owners of mariculture,and the lax implementation of the ship safety management system.In this regard,the fisheries administration,marine resources and maritime departments in Tianjin and Hebei should strengthen the enforcement of maritime law and the sharing of marine aquaculture and navigation information,strictly implement the application system for issuing maritime navigation announcements or warnings,and at the same time,shipping enterprises should strictly fulfill their safety management obligations.