灵芝多糖液体发酵调控及药理作用研究进展

Research progress on regulation of liquid fermentation and pharmacological action of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide

综述了灵芝多糖的液体发酵调控及其抗氧化、免疫调节、抗肿瘤等药理作用。利用液体发酵技术是近年来获得灵芝多糖的主要途径,通过培养基优化、发酵条件优化、添加外源物质以及结合发酵动力学可对液体发酵进行调控。灵芝多糖具有抗氧化的作用,其抗氧化能力强弱与多糖分子量的大小和质量浓度存在密切关系,同时可以通过调节白细胞、T淋巴细胞、巨噬细胞等免疫细胞的应激反应,对机体的免疫功能产生影响。灵芝多糖分为α型和β型两种,前者一般不具有药理活性,而后者具有明显的药理活性。最后对灵芝多糖的代谢途径、结构及抗性机理等亟待解决的问题进行了展望和探讨,旨在为灵芝多糖的合理开发和综合利用奠定基础。

Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide has many pharmacological effects,such as immunomodulating,anti-tumor and so on. Liquid fermentation technology is the main way to obtain polysaccharides of Ganoderma lucidum in recent years,and liquid fermentation can be regulated by optimizing the medium,adding foreign substances and combining with the fermentation kinetics. Ganoderma lucidum has antioxidant performance,which is closely related to the molecular weight and concentration of the polysaccharide. At the same time,its antioxidant attribute can affect the immune function of the body by regulating the stress response of immune cells such as leukocytes,T lymphocytes and macrophages. Ganoderma lucidum falls into two types:type α and type β,with the former possessing little pharmacological activity and the latter possessing obvious pharmacological activity. Finally,the prospect of application of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides and the problems to be solved are also prospected and discussed,aiming to lay a solid foundation for the rational development and comprehensive utilization of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides.