基于UWB的中长跑定位跟踪测试系统应用研究

Applied Research on Location Tracking System of Middle-Distance Race Based on UWB Techniques

以自主开发的基于超宽带技术(UWB)中长跑定位跟踪测试系统为基础,详细分析了系统架构、工作原理和应用方面的问题,并通过对236名大学生进行测试后检验了系统在测试精度、效度等方面的可靠性。研究结果:1)超宽带技术(UWB)在7种通用无线定位技术中精度最高,其精度误差最小为6～15 cm;2)本系统定位标签计时精确到纳秒级别,每秒发送25次信号,信号传播距离为150 m。在室外复杂的环境下,只要两个定位标签间隔50 cm以上,系统就能通过定位分辨前后次序确定名次;3)本系统在测量效度上比手动计时更加可靠,通过对比两组数据之间的变异系数,UWB系统变异系数值比手动计时低,其测试成绩效度比手动计时要高;4)本系统自动计圈计时,成绩统计完全自动化,测试结束即可立刻查询测试成绩;5)本系统通过测试者指静脉识别、定位标签防拆卸、地图电子围栏、自动计圈计时等功能解决了手动秒表测试过程中作弊、替跑、抄近道等问题。研究结论:基于UWB设计开发的中长跑定位跟踪测试系统具有精度高、效率高、防作弊、成绩统计功能强大、标签功耗低、体积小等优势。

The study is based on the self-developed,ultrawideband(UWB)-based positioning and tracking test system for middle-distance race.Problems in system architecture,operation principle and application are analyzed.The reliability of the system in its precision,validity and other aspects has been tested towards 236 college students.Results:1)The ultrawideband technology(UWB)used by the system has the highest precision among 7 kinds of general wireless positioning technologies with a minimum accuracy error of 6-15 cm;2)The positioning label timing of the system can be accurate to nanosecond level,transmitting signal 25 times per second with a signal propagation distance of 150 meters.In a complex outdoor environment,as long as the distance between two positioning labels exceeds 50 cm,the system can distinguish the sequence and determine the ranking through positioning;3)The system is more reliable in measurement validity than manual timing.Through the comparison of the coefficient of variation between two groups of data,the variation of UWB system is lower than that of manual timing while its test result validity is higher;4)The system is equipped with the automatic lap timing,fully automated test scores and immediate query results after the test;5)The finger vein recognition of testers,anti-disassembly of positioning label,map electronic fence,automatic lap timing and other functions of the system help solve cheating,alternate running,short cut and other problems during the test.Conclusion:UWB-based positioning and tlacking test system for middle-distance race has many advantages,such as high precision,high efficiency,cheating prevention,powerful function for result statistics,low power consumption of label,small volume