刑事缺席审判程序的制度解构与适用探讨

Institutional Analysis and Discussion on the Application of Criminal Trial Procedure In Absentia

《刑事诉讼法(修正案)》中新增的缺席审判程序规定,大体勾勒出该程序的适用要件和具体规则,体现了我国在打击腐败犯罪、维护国家主权方面的决心,并为境外违法资产的追回提供了制度保障。但目前公布的法条内容呈现出立法目的混同、被告人权利保障机制不足、程序设置相对粗疏化的特征。从更好地契合立法初衷的角度,在程序启动方面宜采用依申请和依职权两种基本类型,以厘清缺席审判程序构建的多元价值。在实践适用方面,赋予被告人程序异议权等救济权,司法机关也应审慎对待缺席审判程序的适用,严格在法律框架下规范行使权力,以避免因被告人缺席而对案件裁判带来的不利影响。

As a special pattern in criminal proceedings,the trial procedure in absentia reflects the extension of judicial power under specific conditions,recognizes the waiver effect of the defendant's right to appear,and gives consideration to the improvement of the efficiency of the proceedings while realizing the state's right to prosecute and the judicial power.The newly added provisions on trial in absentia procedure in the Criminal Procedure Law(Amendment)outline the applicable requirements and specific rules of the procedure,which reflects our country's determination in cracking down on corruption crimes and provides institutional guarantee for the recovery of illegal assets abroad.However,the content of the current articles of law has presented the characteristics of confusing legislative purposes,insufficient protection of the defendant's rights,and relatively sparse program settings.In order to clarify the multi-value of the construction of the trial procedure in absentia,it is advisable to adopt two basic types of application-based and ex officio-officio in starting the procedure.In practical application,judicial organs should also treat the application of the trial procedure in absentia with caution and exercise power strictly within the legal framework so as to avoid the adverse impact of the absence of the defendant on the judgment of the case.