贿赂犯罪中刑事职业禁止的理解与适用

Comprehension and Application of Criminal Occupational Prohibition on Bribery Crime

我国刑法中的职业禁止应定性为非刑罚处罚措施,具有惩治和预防贿赂犯罪的双重特性。司法机关对刑事职业禁止的适用范围及条件存在认识误区,没有理清其与附加剥夺政治权利的交叉关系,也没有理清与其他法律、行政法规"从其规定"的关系。对于贿赂犯罪人是否适用刑事职业禁止,可运用"三步判断法",即对被告人职业类别、犯罪与职业的直接关联性、刑事职业禁止的可行性分别作出判断。对刑法第385条、第387条、第388条之一、第389条等罪名则须结合个罪的犯罪构成判断适用刑事职业禁止的可能性。

The occupational prohibition in China's criminal law should be defined as a Non-penalty Punishment measure,which has dual characteristics of punishment and preventing bribery crime.Judicial organs have misunderstandings about the scope and conditions of the application of criminal occupational prohibition,failing to clarify its cross-relationship with additional depriva-tion of political rights,and also its relationship of^According to the Rules',with other laws and ad-ministrative regulations.The"three-step judgment method"can be used to judge whether the criminal occupational prohibition is applicable to the bribery of fender,that is,to judge the defendant’s occupation type,the direct relationship between crime and occupation,and the feasibility of the criminal occupational prohibition separately.Article385,Article387,Article388,Article388and Article389of the Criminal Law should be combined with the constitution of a crime to determine the possibility of applying to the criminal occupational prohibition.