不同耕作方式对农田夏玉米土壤微生物的影响

Effects of Different Tillage Methods on Soil Microbes in Farmland Summer Maize

[目的]研究不同耕作方式对夏玉米农田土壤肥力和土壤微生物活动的影响,有利于农业生产的可持续发展。[方法]采用基质诱导呼吸法和CO2释放量法,对秸秆还田处理下不同耕作方式(深松耕、免耕和常规耕作)对夏玉米农田土壤微生物活性、土壤理化性质和土壤呼吸速率的影响进行研究。[结果]深松耕、免耕和常规耕作明显增加了0～10 cm土层土壤微生物生物量碳和微生物活性,土壤表现出"上富下贫"的现象;在苗期和开花期土壤呼吸速率增加,在灌浆期和收获期土壤呼吸速率降低,深松耕和免耕比常规耕作能显著降低土壤呼吸;深松耕和免耕方式可以增加土壤含水量和黏粒含量。[结论]该研究为建立西北旱区夏玉米农田合理高效的耕作方式提供科学依据。

[Objective]To explore the effects of different farming methods on soil fertility and soil microbial activities in summer maize,which was conducive to the sustainable development of agricultural production.[Method]The effects of different tillage methods(deep pine tillage,no-tillage and conventional tillage)on soil microbial activity,soil physical and chemical properties and soil respiration rate in summer maize field were studied by matrix-induced respiration and CO2emission.[Result]Deep pine tillage,no-tillage and conventional tillage significantly increased the soil microbial biomass carbon and microbial activity in0-10cm soil layer,and the soil showed the phenomenon of“rich and poor”.The rate of soil respiration increased during seedling and flowering,and the rate of soil respiration decreased during grain filling and harvesting.Deep pine tillage and no-tillage significantly reduced soil respiration compared with conventional tillage;deep pine tillage and no-tillage methods could increase soil water content and increase soil clay content.[Conclusion]The study can provide scientific basis for establishing efficient summer maize farming in northwest arid area.