超越结构与行动:中国特色扶贫开发道路的经验分析

Beyond Structure and Action: An Empirical Analysis on the Road to Poverty Alleviation with Chinese Characteristics

关于贫困成因的研究,传统上存在结构与行动两种认知与研究范式,前者强调超越于个体的结构性因素是导致贫困的根本原因,而后者则认为,贫困源于个体社会行动的不力和主观上发展动力的不足。在两种范式下,减贫方案也差异极大。基于中国扶贫实践的历史考察与经验分析,中国走出了一条超越结构与行动的中国特色扶贫开发道路,仅实现了对宏观、中观和微观层面的致贫结构的破除,同时也确立了新的亲贫性制度与政策结构;其不仅健全了贫困治理体系,更突显了贫困者在扶贫攻坚中的主体价值与内在发展动力。在超越贫困陷阱的结构与行动束缚的实践中,中国扶贫取得了举世瞩目的成绩,而这也构成了中国向国际社会减贫所贡献的中国方案与中国智慧。

There are two kinds of cognitive and research paradigms in the study on the cause of poverty.One emphasizes that the structural factors beyond the individual level are the root cause of poverty,the other proposes that poverty stems from the weakness of individual social action and a lack of subjective development motivation.In both paradigms,poverty reduction projects have been carried out in different ways.Based on the poverty alleviation history and practices in the past forty years,China has followed a road to poverty alleviation with Chinese characteristics,which is beyond the structure and action paradigms.It has not only eradicated the macro-,average-and micro-level of structure that causes poverty and deprivation,but also established a pro-poor system and policy structure.It has not only improved the poverty management system,but also highlighted the main value and internal driving force for development in the poverty alleviation.In overcoming barriers at the structure and action levels of poverty,China has achieved remarkable achievements in poverty alleviation.China's poverty alleviation program and wisdom can contribute to the international community.