中国农村居民的收入分配与收入流动性

Income Distribution and Mobility of Rural China

收入流动以动态视角切入收入分配,反映了机会公平对长期收入格局的影响。本文利用中国农村固定观察点1995年至2013年八省份微观农户调查数据,将绝对收入流动性完全分解,并通过交换流动性的主体地位和基尼系数变动量的分解,共同说明了基尼系数的上升并不意味着低收入群体状况的恶化。通过收入流动对收入分配的实证检验,证明了收入位次变化显著推高基尼系数的结论,但同时也明确指出分散流动性对收入差距拉大的显著作用,这是要高度重视和警惕的。

Analysis of income distribution through dynamic perspectives usually reflects the impact of equal opportunity on long-term income patterns.With micro-level rural household survey data from eight provinces in China,this paper decomposes rural income mobility and Gini coefficient variations in1995-2013and explains why a rising Gini coefficient does not necessarily indicate deterioration of low-income groups.Empirical examination of income distribution indicates that changes of income rankings significantly increase the Gini coefficient.Meanwhile,it also explicitly shows a significant effect of mobility dispersion on widening of income gap,which is cautionary and deserves consideration.