国际特殊教育发展趋势:融合与个别化

The Development Trend of International Special Education:Integration and Individualization

目前世界各国均在着力解决特殊教育问题,"融合"是基本原则与旨趣,"全纳"是基本趋势与要求,"个别化"教育是基本手段与支持。各国均立法将特殊教育作为一项保护性公共事务与基本权利而给予优先关注,并且通过加大财政投入、提高师资队伍专业水平、发展就业衔接体系等方式促进全纳特殊教育的有效实施。此外,诸多国家还从国家人才战略的角度来考虑超常儿童的教育,统筹与设计天才教育体系。世界各国在特殊教育方面的政策和举措对于我国从立法、安置方式、财政投入、信息技术的运用和师资队伍建设等方面促进特殊教育事业发展都具有重要的借鉴意义。

Special education has been one of the social problems that many countries make efforts to solve.The“integration”is the basic principle and purport,the“inclusion”is the basic trend and requirements,and the“individualized”education is the basic means and support.Legislations have been passed in many countries.Special education is seen as a protection of public affairs and fundamental rights and is given priority attention.Many countries promote the effective implementation of inclusive special education by increasing financial input,improving the professional level of teachers and developing employment convergence system.In addition,many countries consider the gifted children’s education as the national talent strategy,and the governments pay more attention to the co-ordination and design of talent education system.China can get inspiration from these aspects as legislation,resettlement,financial investment,information technology application and the construction of teaching staff for special education.