城乡分割与居民收入——基于CHIP微观数据的实证分析

Urban and Rural Division and Income of Residents——Empirical Analysis Based on CHIP Microdata

城乡收入差距是目前收入差距问题中比较显著的一个问题,我们从户籍制度导致的城乡分割来研究城乡居民收入差距问题。实证发现:(1)在控制了受教育程度、工作年限、性别、年龄和健康状况等情况下,居住在城市的人口比居住在农村的人口收入高17%。(2)城镇居民和农村居民相比,教育对收入的影响高25%。也就是说,城镇居民和农村居民教育对收入的影响不同。可能原因是城镇的教育资源更优质。(3)城镇居民和农村居民相比,工作年限对收入的影响高4%。农村居民可能工作更不稳定,对他们的影响更大。相应的政策建议是:在教育方面,完善基础教育,加大财政对农村教育和就业政策方面的倾斜的基础上逐步放开户籍制度。

The income gap between urban and rural areas is a significant issue in the current income gap.We study the income gap between urban and rural residents from the urban and rural division caused by the household registration system.Empirical findings:(1)Under conditions of control of education,length of work,gender,age,health,etc.,the income of the population living in cities is17%higher than that of the population living in rural areas.(2)The impact of education on income is25%higher for urban and rural residents.In other words,the impact of education on income is different for urban and rural residents.This may be due to the higher quality of educational resources in towns and cities.(3)Compared with urban residents and rural residents,the impact of working life on income is4%higher.Rural residents may be more vulnerable to job insecurity,which affects them even more.The corresponding policy recommendations can be listed as follows:in the field of education,improving basic education and increasing the fiscal preference for rural education and employment policies on the basis of gradually liberalizing the household registration system.