中国政府推进科技人才创新创业的注意力测量--中央政府工作报告(1978-2017)文本分析

A Measurement of Government's Attention to Innovation and Entrepreneurship of Scientific and Technological Talents in China——a Text Analysis of the Central Government Work Report(1978-2017)

科技人才是科技创新的关键,激发科技人才创新创业活力对推动科技创新、建设创新型国家至关重要。选取1978年以来40篇中央政府工作报告为研究样本,结合注意力基础观,采用QSR NVivo11分析软件对40篇报告中涉及科技人才的内容进行分析。结果发现,政府对科技人才创新创业总体注意力呈波浪式上升,且出现了3个峰值;在科技人才创新创业4个维度中,评价和激励维度的注意力始终保持最高水平,其它3个维度的注意力呈现平稳态势。注意力文本内容分析发现,科技人才流动和吸引方面,政府从指令性计划向市场自由流动转变;选拔和培养方面,由注重科技人才数量增长向培养选拔高层次人才转变;评价和激励方面,由政府主导向以多方协同推进转变;安全和保障方面,由关注科技人才基本保障向注重科技成果保护转变。最后,对进一步优化政府科技人才创新创业注意力配置提出建议。

Scientific and technological talents is the core of innovationIt is crucial to inspire the enthusiasm of scientific and technological talents for innovation and entrepreneurship.This research selects40central government work reports since1978as research samples,and combines attention based view to analyze the content of scientific and technological talents in these40reports since the reform and opening with the aid of QSR NVivo11qualitative analysis software.In the analysis of the change of attention data,it is found that the government's overall attention to the innovation and entrepreneurship of science and technology talents has risen vainly and has three peaks.In the four dimensions of innovation and entrepreneurship of science and technology talents,attention to the evaluation and incentive dimension has always been maintaining the highest level,the attention to the other three dimensions is flat.In the analysis of the content of attention texts,it is found that in terms of the flow and attraction of scientific and technological talents,the government has changed from a mandatory plan to encourage free flow of the market;in terms of selection and training,it has shifted from focusing on the growth of the number of scientific and technological talents to training and selecting high-level talents;In terms of evaluation and incentives,it is from the government-led to multiparty coordinated advancement;In terms of safety and security,attention has shifted from focusing on the basic protection of scientific and technological talents to the protection of scientific and technological achievements.Finally,some suggestions for optimization of government's attention to innovation and entrepreneurship of scientific and technological talents are put forward.