体育锻炼促进心理健康的心理机制研究

Study on the Psychological Mechanism of Physical Exercise to Promote Mental Health of freshmen

采用体育活动等级量表、身体自尊量表、一般自我效能感量表和中国大学生心理健康量表对731名大学新生进行测量。结果表明:体育锻炼量、锻炼持续性、锻炼项目分别对大学新生身体自尊、自我效能感和心理健康的主效应显著(P<0.05),体育锻炼量与锻炼持续性、体育锻炼量与锻炼项目分别对身体自尊和自我效能感的交互效应显著(P<0.05);中介作用检验和结构方程模型分析表明,身体自尊和自我效能感在体育锻炼促进心理健康中分别起完全中介作用和不完全中介作用,运动积极体验包含了身体自尊和自我效能感,并在体育锻炼促进心理健康中起不完全中介作用,同时体育锻炼量与锻炼持续性在此过程中存在交互效应。

In order to explore the role of physical self-esteem and self-efficacy on physical exercise for promoting college freshmen’s mental health.The Physical Activity Rating Scale,the Physical Self-esteem Perception Profile,General Self-efficacy Scale and Chinese College Students Mental Health Scale were measured on 731 freshmen.The results showed that:the amount of physical exercise,exercise duration and exercise items had significant main effect on freshmen’s physical self-esteem,self-efficacy and mental health(Ps<0.05);the interaction effect between the amount of physical exercise and exercise duration,the interaction effect between the amount of physical exercise and exercise items were significant on physical self-esteem and self-efficacy(Ps<0.05);the mediating role test and the structural equation model analysis were showed that physical self-esteem and self-efficacy played a full mediating role and an incomplete mediating role on physical exercise promoting mental health respectively;the positive experience of exercise not only included physical self-esteem and self-efficacy,but also played a partial mediating role in physical exercise promoting mental health;meanwhile,there was an interaction effect between the amount of physical exercise and exercise duration.