6种蔷薇属植物花粉形态与亲缘关系分析

Pollen Morphology and Systematic Relationship of 6 Species of Genus Rosa

[目的]对中国和国外原产的6种蔷薇属植物的花粉进行扫描电镜观测,以期进一步探讨蔷薇属植物不同种类在进化过程中的亲缘关系。[方法]材料分别为:努特卡蔷薇(Rosa nutkana),弗吉尼亚蔷薇(Rosa virginiana),大马士革蔷薇(Rosa damascana),单瓣月季花(Rosa chinensis var. spontanea),山刺玫(Rosa davurica)和长果山刺玫(Rosa davurica var. longicarpa),通过扫描观测的结果对不同种类的花粉形态特征进行描述,并结合已发布的蔷薇属植物花粉形态信息进行比较和分析。[结果]发现这6种蔷薇属植物的花粉粒大小介于(33.76～44.93)×(16.71～20.21)μm,花粉极面观均为三裂近圆形,赤道面为椭圆形,外壁纹饰为细长条纹和网状条纹。[结论]6种蔷薇属植物花粉类型均为N3P4C5型,3沟花粉;花粉在大小、外壁纹饰、孔穴等形态上具有比较明显的差异;花粉特征差异聚类结果与形态分类基本一致,其中单瓣月季花(Rosa chinensis var. spontanea)可能是6个物种中最为进化的种类。

[Objective]This paper discussed the relationship among the six different species of Rosa genus from China and foreign countries by observing their pollens by scanning electron microscopy[Method]Plant materials were including Rosa nutkana,Rosa virginiana,Rosa damascana,Rosa chinensis var.spontanea,Rosa davurica and Rosa davurica var.longicarpa.Results were given through pollen morphological characteristics description and compare with other research.[Result]The six different pollen grains size were between 33.76-44.93X16.71-20.21μm,the pollen polar view was 3-labed rounded and equatorial view was elliptic.The mainly exine ornamentation were striated.[Conclusion]The six species pollen type were all N3P4C5 model with three narrow operculums.There were obvious difference in pollen size,exine sculpture feature and morphology of tectum puncture.The clustering results of pollen morphological characteristics were basically same with the morphological classification and the Rosa chinensis var.spontanea may be the most evolutionary among these species.