从私盐到正盐:明中后期两浙功绩盐的兼搭销售

From Illegal Salt to Legal Salt:the Sale of Gongji Salt in Zhejiang in the Middle and Late Ming Dynasty

明代有完整的盐业缉私制度,缉私所获之盐有"功绩盐"或"囚盐"名色,经各地牙、铺以或引或票的方式兼搭售卖后变价以资国库。其中以两浙记载最为详实,并有完整的销售、监管与规模记载。随明王朝财政日渐拮据,两浙盐司逋欠常年不完,在开设票盐疏通后,功绩盐的行销与掣挚也随之发生变化。历任御史面对盐政变化,皆以对策来应对,促使功绩盐的沿革呈现出层累的特点。虽然能甦一时之困,然根本问题却未能得到根治。

The anti-smuggling system in Ming Dynasty is integrated.The salt achived through smuggling is called Gongji salt or prison salt,sold by the local merchants in the name of the coupon or ticket.Liangzhe has the most detailed record in this aspect,including detailed sales,supervision and scale records.With the increasingly tight finance of Ming Dynasty,the debt of Liangzhe salt department is endless.After the setting of ticket salt,the marketing of Gongji salt also changes.In the face of changes,salt administrators were responded with contermeaures,which resulted in the accumulated failures of Gongji salt.While the countermeaures can solve the problem temporarily,the fundamental problem has not been sovled.