氮素形态调控对春玉米生长发育、产量和品质的影响

Effect of nitrogen form regulations on growth and development, yield and quality of spring maize

为研究氮素形态调控对春玉米生长发育、产量和品质的影响,在黑龙江省哈尔滨市呼兰区大用镇沈八村试验基地开展试验,设置无肥区(A1)、尿素+磷酸二铵+氯化钾(A2)、硫酸铵+磷酸二铵+氯化钾(A3)、尿素+磷酸一铵+氯化钾(A4)、硫酸铵+磷酸一铵+氯化钾(A5)共5个处理。研究春玉米苗期根系构型(根系总长、体积、表面积、直径、总须根数)、根系活力、叶片干重、平均茎粗和茎长、植株总叶面积、产量和品质对不同氮素形态肥料调控的响应。测定性状中,A2处理的根长、根部表面积、根总体积、总须根数等显著高于其他处理,且春玉米幼苗根系活力最优,相比A3和A5处理差异达显著水平。A2处理的春玉米叶片干重、茎干重、茎粗、茎长、叶面积和根冠比等增效显著,产量最高,A2、A3处理的春玉米籽粒品质显著高于其他处理,施用一铵的两个处理春玉米品质低于对照。

In order to study the effect of nitrogen form regulations on the growth and development,yield and quality of spring maizes,this study was conducted in Shenba village,Dayong town,Hulan District,Harbin City,Heilongjiang Province,no fertilizer test(A1),urea+DAP(diammonium phosphate)+potassium chloride(A2),DAP+AS(ammonium sulfate)+KCl(A3),urea+MAP(monoammonium pho-sphate)+KCl(A4)+MAP+KCl+AS(A5)were set.The responses of spring maize seedling root system configurations(root overall length,volume,surface area,diameter,the total number of fibrous root),root activity,leaf dry weight,average stem diameter and length,the whole plant leaf area,yield and quality to different nitrogen forms regulations were studied.In all the measured traits,the parameters,such as root length,root surface area,root total volume and the total fibrous root number with A2treatment were significantly higher than those of other treatments,meanwhile,the root activity of maize seedling of A2was the best,and the difference was significantly compared with the treatment of A3and A5.Among all the treatments leaves dry weight,stem dry weight,stem diameter,stem length,leaf area and root-crown ratio of A2treatment were the most effective,which were significantly different from those of other treatments.The yield of A2was the highest,the qualities of A2and A3treatments were significantly higher than those of the other treatments,but the qualities of two treatments with MAP were lower than those of A1.