明代长城中三边的马市——以隆庆五年所设五处为例

The Horse Markets of Three Frontier Military Towns along Mid-Great Wall in Ming Dynasty——Taking Five Markets Being Instituted in the Fifth Year of Longqing as Examples

明代马市是汉族与蒙古等族在长城沿线开展的民族贸易。明朝中前期,马市时开时闭。隆庆五年,蒙汉和议,明王朝于长城九边设马市11处,其中中三边5处,即得胜堡、新平堡、守口堡、水泉营堡、张家口堡。马市的设立在政治方面增强了蒙古族对中原王朝的向心力,在经济方面带动了长城沿边民市的发展。

The Horse Market in Ming Dynasty is a national trade between Han nationality and Mongolian or other Nomadic nationalities in the areas along the Great Wall.In the early and middle Ming Dynasty,the Horse Markets opened and closed occasionally.In the fifth year of Longqing,a peace negotiation was conducted between Han and Mongolian,so eleven horse markets were instituted at the nine frontier Military Towns by Ming Dynasty's rulers,where there were five markets in the three frontier Military Towns on the midland,which were Desheng Fort,Xinping Fort,Shoukou Fort,Shuiquanying Fort and Zhangjiakou Fort.The establishment of the Horse Markets not only strengthened the centripetal force from the Mongol nationality to the Central Plains,but also promoted the development of private market in the surrounding areas along the Great Wall.