论涂尔干有机团结的道德内涵及伦理困境

On the Moral Implication and Ethical Dilemma of Durkheim's Organic Solidarity

涂尔干的团结理论是一项以社会整合为目标的现代性伦理筹划。涂尔干运用社会团结形式的转变为现代性的合理性据理力争,并试图在此基础上寻求社会伦理筹划方案。在涂尔干看来,现代社会分工不仅产生了有机团结,同时还蕴含一种奠定社会秩序基础的道德内涵。尽管涂尔干预见到现代有机团结社会中个体与社会之间不可调和的矛盾,并尝试运用有机团结的道德力量调解之,但他并未预料到,作为一项现代性伦理筹划的有机团结本身无法自圆其说,尤其当站在后现代批判的角度审视团结理论,其面临的伦理困境更加清晰可见。

Durkheim's theory of solidarity is a modern ethical plan aimed at social integration.Durkheim argues for the rationality of modernity basing on the transformation of social solidarity,by which he also attempts to seek a social ethical planning scheme.It is Durkheim's view that division of labor in modern society not only produces organic solidarity,but implies a kind of moral connotation which lays the foundation of social order.Although Durkheim predicted the irreconcilable contradictions between the individual and society in modern organic solidarity society,who also strived to mediate the conflicts by the moral force of organic solidarity.He did not expect that as a modern ethical plan,organic solidarity itself cannot be justified.Especially once examining solidarity theory from the perspective of postmodern criticism,the ethical dilemma it faces are much clearer.