民国时期蒙自道道尹任职考

A Textual Research on the Tenure of Mengzi Dao Magistrate during the Period of Republican China

清朝末年,自临安开广道添设以来,蒙自即为治所之地。进入民国后,临安开广道改为蒙自道,其行政长官道尹则依照法律命令执掌道内行政事务,并承担滇越边界事务的管理与涉外事宜的交涉。民国时期,道尹是中央(或省)政令在边疆地区的具体贯彻者,也是边疆基层治理的决策者与参与者,关乎地方社会的治与安。蒙自道(包括临安开广道)在民国存在的18年时间里,初期,观察使(道尹)的任命须经中央简任,旨在"虚省实道",故道尹不可避免地卷入到中央与地方的博弈中;之后,道尹由省府任命,但作为镇守一方的大吏,又有卷入地方派系争斗之祸患。此外,由于地方匪患不止,军人当权,道尹多无实权,少有政绩卓著者。1929年,云南省政府裁蒙自道,所属各县直隶省府。

Since the establishment of the jurisdiction of Lin’an Kaiguang Dao,an administrative body equivalent to today’s prefectural level government in the late Qing Dynasty,Mengzi has been the site of the jurisdiction institutions.In the Republican period,the administrative body was changed into Mengzi Dao.Its main role was to fortify and defend the border area.The magistrates performed their duties according to the laws.They also assumed the administrative tasks concerning the Yunnan-Vietnam border and foreign affairs.However,as the magistrates of Mengzi Dao(Lin’an Kaiguang Dao)were designated by the central government in the early years of the Republic of China,and then by the provincial government,they were inevitably involved in the game between central and provincial governments,and in game between local powers.Due to the constant bandit problem and military despotism,the magistrates of Mengzi Dao failed to make remarkable political achievements.And the history of Mengzi Dao administration still remains unknown today.Based on previous documents,this article tries to probe into the history of Mengzi Dao administration and find out how many administrators were in office and who,and what political achievements they made.