改革开放40年我国农村教育发展:成就、动力与政策演进特征

Rural Education since Reform and Opening-up: Development Achievements,Impetus and Policy Evolution

改革开放以来,受益于党和国家宏观政策的高度重视,在一系列农村教育政策的推动下,相关机构以多样化的农村教育专门发展项目为抓手,锐意进取,农村教育在规模、质量等方面都有了长足的发展,取得了突出的成就。改革开放以来的农村教育政策呈现出明显的特征:在农村教育改革与发展的理念方面,从城乡教育二元发展走向城乡教育均衡发展和一体化发展;在农村教育政策的目标建构上,在系统思维的引领下,追求农村教育与农村经济社会的协调发展及农村各级各类教育的协调发展;在农村教育改革的路径方面,从早期鼓励"自下而上"的探索到新世纪以来更强调"自上而下"的顶层设计,体现了"上下结合"的政策运行特征。

In the past40years of Reform and Opening,benefiting from the great attention of the party and the country's macro-policies,under the impetus of a series of rural education policies,relevant institutions have focused on diversified rural education special development projects,and rural education is developed on scale and quality.The aspect has been greatly developed and has achieved outstanding achievements.The rural education policy since the reform and opening up has obvious characteristics:in the concept of rural education reform and development,from the dual development of urban and rural education to the balanced development and integrated development of urban and rural education;in the construction of the goal of rural education policy,in the system which is under the guidance of thinking,pursue the coordinated development of rural education and rural economic society and the coordinated development of various levels of education in rural areas;in the path of rural education reform,encourage the"bottom-up"exploration in the early,and the new century pay more attention on the top-down design of“top-down”reflects the operational characteristics of“up and down”policy.