中华民国时期西北地区牧草资源研究刍考

Research on forage resources in northwest China during the period of the Republic of China

中华民国西北地区的牧草资源研究代表了当时中国牧草科技领域的最高水平,但目前相关考证研究较少。为此,采用文献考证和历史分析法,以现存的近代报刊为主要资料来源,开展文献整理、甄别和考察分析,并结合现代牧草科技成果总结归纳。结果表明,学界及少数政府人士开展的西北地区牧草资源的调查研究大致以20世纪30年代初为始,其中植物学学者调查区域集中在陕西省,主要方法为牧草的植物学分类和植物特性研究,水土保持学学者的调查区域包括陕甘青等沿黄省份,目的为搜集到利于水土保持的优质草种,畜牧学学者的调查关注点则是牧草的分布、品种、品质、贮藏等方面。牧草引进是西北地区的另一项主要工作和成就,以王栋和叶培忠等为代表的学者们运用西方试验科学的理论方法持续开展了牧草试种或栽培试验。同时,西北地区还在牧草资源的育种、保藏、营养及配合饲喂等试验研究上有所开拓,其中很多研究为当时国内唯一。此外,西北地区的牧草科技推广也有所发展,但总体上以资源调查和栽培、育种、保藏等实验为主。

Research on pasture resources in Northwest China in modern times represents the highest level of pasture science and technology,but few studies have tried to place current research in a wider context.In this study,we searched current and historical literature,using modern newspapers and periodicals as the main sources of information,and summarized the main achievements of modern pasture science and technology in China.Researchers and government officials have studied pasture resources in the Northwest China since the early 1930s.Research in Shaanxi Province has mainly been botanical studies on plant classification and the characteristics of herbage.Studies on soil and water conservation were mainly concentrated in Shaanxi,Gansu,and Qinghai provinces,and generally aimed to identify high-quality grass species that favored soil and water conservation.Studies on the role of herbage in animal husbandry focused on the distribution,varieties,quality,and storage of different types of herbage.The introduction of forage was another major area of research and achievement in northwest China.Many scholars such as Wang Dong and Ye Pei-zhong used the theories of western experimental science to conduct many forage cultivation experiments.At the same time,scientists in northwest China pioneered experimental research on the nutrition,preservation,and breeding of forage resources,many of which were the only ones in the country at that time.Forage grass science and technology have been promoted in northwest China,and the main areas of research have been resource characterization and the cultivation,breeding,and preservation of herbage.