前哨淋巴结在妇科恶性肿瘤中的研究及应用

Research and Application of Sentinel Lymphnode in Gynecological Malignant Tumor

前哨淋巴结(sentinel lymph node,SLN)是原发恶性肿瘤淋巴转移的第一站,可以通过SLN中是否检测出肿瘤淋巴结转移,推测整个淋巴引流区域的肿瘤转移情况。目前有关SLN的研究已经应用到乳腺癌、黑色素瘤等恶性肿瘤的临床诊疗中。在妇科肿瘤方面,研究者最先在外阴癌中进行了SLN研究,之后在宫颈癌、子宫内膜癌中也相继开展了有关SLN检测及SLN活检(SLNB)的探索研究,并在临床上得到了一定的应用。本文结合相关文献,对国内外子宫内膜癌、宫颈癌、外阴癌和卵巢癌中SLN的研究现状及目前尚待解决的问题进行简单总结。

The sentinel lymph node(SLN)is the first site of lymphatic metastasis of primary malignant tumors.It is possible to predict tumor metastasis in the entire lymphatic drainage area by detecting whether lymph node metastasis is in the SLN.At present,the research on SLN has been applied to the clinical diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors such as breast cancer and melanoma.In gynecologic oncology,the researchers first carried out SLN research in vulvar cancer,and then carried out research on SLN detection and sentinel lymph node biopsy(SLNB)in cervical cancer and endometrial cancer,and have been applied in clinical practice.In this paper,the research status of SLN in endometrial cancer,cervical cancer,vulvar cancer and ovarian cancer at home and abroad and the problems that have yet to be solved are briefly summarized.