农户参与林权抵押贷款行为分析

Analysis of Farmers' Participation in Forest Tenure Mortgage Loan

采用双变量Probit模型,从需求和供给两个方面探讨农户参与林权抵押贷款行为及其影响因素。结果表明:户主年龄、受教育程度、家人在政府部门工作、非日常消费支出比例、生产性固定资产、农户所在区域等因素显著影响农户林权抵押贷款需求;在需求约束下,年龄轻、经营林地面积大的农户林权抵押贷款的可获得性相对更高,而且农户林权抵押贷款的可获得性更依赖于农户自身的社会资本与收入结构。

⑴Background--As an important supporting reform measure of collective forest tenure system reform in the new era,forest tenure mortgage loan creatively incorporates forest resources into the collateral and expands the scope of collateral,which can solve the financing difficulties caused by insufficient collateral in rural areas to a certain extent.It has become not only an innovation in the history of forestry financing,but also a great breakthrough in rural financial reform.The forest tenure mortgage loan is of great significance for revitalizing forest resource assets,promoting the development of forest areas and increasing farmers income.However,some studies have found that credit cooperatives have low credit input,low rate of forest mortgage loan issuance,and farmers are subject to severe credit constraints,which makes that their demand on forest tenure mortgage loan and the availability of mortgage loan are far from satisfactory,and such problems have not been well settled.⑵Methods--The bivariate probit model is used to analyze the factors affecting farmers forest tenure mortgage loan behavior from two aspects,and then the single equation probit model and tobit model are used to analyze the factors affecting farmers participation behavior.⑶Results--The results of bivariate probit model show that the factors such as the age and education level of the head of a household,whether there are family members working in government departments,the proportion of non-daily consumption expenditure,productive fixed assets and the area where farmers live significantly affect the demand of forest tenure mortgage loan for farmers;under the constraint of demand,the availability of forest tenure mortgage loan for farmers with small age and large forest land area is relatively higher,and the availability of forest tenure mortgage loan is more dependent on the farmers own social capital and income structure.Compared with the bivariate probit model,the single equation probit model and the tobit model have almost the same significant impact factors,but it is difficult to distinguish the factors that affect demand and supply.Studying only on the single equation model is likely to lead to erroneous interpretation of the estimation results.⑷Conclusions and Discussions--Through analysis,the following conclusions can be drawn.First,there are two reasons that affect farmers participation in forest tenure mortgage loan.On the supply side,for example,credit cooperatives tend to lend loans to the farmers who are young and agricultural production-oriented,and who have family members working in the government departments and manage large forest areas;on the demand side,the farmers with less attainment on education and no family members working in government departments have less demand,as they are ill-informed and have poor perception and acceptance of the new thing of forest tenure mortgage loan.Second,farmers with higher fixed assets also have less demand for forest tenure mortgage loan.On the one hand,the economic conditions of households with higher fixed assets are relatively better,and the probability that household income is difficult to make up for the household expenditure gap is small,so their demand for forest tenure mortgage financing is small;on the other hand,the complicated procedures and high transaction costs of forest tenure mortgage loan also inhibit the demand for forest tenure mortgage financing of such farmers.Third,the area of forest land that a farmer manages has a significant influence on the availability of farmers forest tenure mortgage loan,but it has no significant influence on their demand of forest tenure mortgage loan,as there is no enough evidence to show that such farmers must have productive credit demand.