密集烘烤过程中烟叶霉烂变化规律研究

Study on the changing rules of tobacco leaf rotting during the intensive curing process

为了研究密集烘烤过程中烟叶霉烂的变化规律,以K 326中部叶为材料,研究了烘烤过程中环境条件与烟叶自身素质对烟叶霉烂变化的影响。结果表明,密集烘烤过程中烟叶霉烂变化划分为芽孢准备、萌芽、菌丝生长、霉烂终止4个阶段。在烟叶霉烂变化的各阶段主要影响因素不同,芽孢准备阶段各因素影响作用较小;萌芽阶段的主要影响因素是叶温和干球温度;菌丝生长阶段的主要影响因素以干球温度为主,以湿球温度和叶温为辅;霉烂终止阶段的主要影响因素是干球温度和相对湿度。霉烂会加快叶片内大分子物质(如淀粉、蛋白质)的降解速率;自由水含量和小分子物质含量(如总糖、还原糖)越高,烟叶越易滋生霉菌,并最终降低烟叶的产量和品质。

In order to study the changing rules of tobacco leaf rotting during intensive curing,the middle leaves of K326were used as materials to study the effects of environmental conditions and the quality of tobacco leaves on the decaying of tobacco leaves.The results showed that the changes of tobacco leaf rotting during intensive curing were divided into four stages:the spore preparation stage,the germination stage,the hyphal growth stage,and the decay termination stage.The main influencing factors were different at different stages of tobacco leaf decaying,and all factors in the preparation stage of spores had little effect;the main influencing factors in the budding stage were leaf temperature and dry bulb temperature;the main influencing factor in the mycelial growth stage was dry bulb temperature.The wet bulb temperature and the leaf temperature were the secondary factors;the main influencing factor in the mold decay phase was dry bulb temperature and relative humidity.Mildew would accelerate the rate of degradation of macromolecules such as starch and protein in leaves.The higher the free water content and the content of small molecules such as total sugar and reducing sugar,the more likely the tobacco leaf would develop mold and finally reduce the yield and quality of tobacco leaves.