小型堆断电事故下放射性后果研究

Analysis of Radioactive Consequence for Blackout Accident of Small Reactor

小型堆发生断电事故会造成严重的放射性后果,本文以MACCS程序为仿真工具,建立了断电事故放射性后果计算模型,评估了事故下全身有效剂量当量和肺、甲状腺、红骨髓吸收剂量水平。结果表明,在下风轴线上离源1.63 km内,将出现死亡效应,而在2 km内会出现甲状腺机能衰退;在下风轴线上距离源6.7 km内,建议人员采取服碘防护措施;在下风轴线上距离源约8.5 km内,人员需要紧急撤离;在下风轴线上距离源15.6 km内,人员需要紧急隐蔽;在下风向距离源34 km范围外,人员几乎不受放射性的影响。研究结果可为小型堆断电事故下的应急救援提供一定的技术支持。

The blackout accident of small reactors will cause serious radiological consequences.In this paper,the MACCS program is used as a simulation tool to establish a calculation model for the radiological consequences of blackout accidents.The effective whole-body dose equivalents and lungs,thyroid and red bone marrow absorbed dose levels are evaluated.The results show that within 1.63 km from the source at the downwind axis,a death effect will occur,and within 2 km,thyroid function decline will occur.Within 6.7 km from the source of the down-wind axis,it is recommended that people should take iodine protection measures;within 8.5 km from the source on the downwind axis,people should take evacuation measures urgently.Within 15.6 km from the source on the downwind axis,people should take shelter measures.Outside the 34 km range of the downwind distance source,people are almost unaffected by radioactivity.The research results can provide certain technical support for emergency rescue under blackout accident of small reactor.