生物降解地膜田间应用降解效果及对后茬早稻产量的影响

Degradation Effects of Biodegradable Mulch Film Applied in Field and Its Effect on Yield of Succeeding Crop Early Rice

为了有效地解决地膜白色污染问题,加快生物降解地膜在马铃薯上的推广应用,通过大田试验研究了在冬种马铃薯上覆盖生物降解地膜的田间降解特性及对后茬作物水稻产量的影响。结果表明,生物降解地膜在覆膜60 d时开始降解,马铃薯收获时(覆膜125 d)的降解失重率达36.26%。马铃薯收获后不回收残膜,生物降解地膜在土壤里继续降解,在种植1茬早稻和1茬晚稻后的降解失重率分别为88.49%和96.41%,在晚稻收获后生物降解地膜已基本全部降解。生物降解地膜残留于土壤中,不会影响下茬作物早稻的生长及产量,与普通地膜残膜处理区比较,早稻产量增加,且差异极显著。因此,生物降解地膜能够从源头上控制农业污染物产生,从而彻底解决地膜白色污染问题。

In order to effectively solve the problem of waste plastics and accelerate the application of biodegradable mulch film in potato cultivation,field experiments were conducted to study the degradation characteristics of biodegradable mulch film in field and the effects on the growth and yields of succeeding crop rice.The results showed that the biodegradable mulch film began to degrade at 60 d after mulching,the degradation rate reached 36.26% when potato were harvested(at 125 d after mulching).The residue of biodegradable mulch film were not recycled but continued to degrade in the soil after harvest of potato,the degradation rate reached 88.49% and 96.41% respectively after planting early rice and late rice.The biodegradable mulch film almost disappeared after late rice were harvested.The residue of biodegradable mulch film remained in the soil and had no effect on the growth and yield of succeeding crop early rice,the yield of early rice increased significantly compared with that of common film treatment area.Therefore,the biodegradable mulch film can control the agricultural pollutant production from the source,so it can completely solve the problem of waste plastics.