适应苹果苗木机械化嫁接的工艺研究

Study on Technology Adapted to Mechanized Grafting of Apple Seedlings

当前的苹果树培育主要是依靠嫁接苗来实现苹果树的苗木更新,常用的贴接法、V型接法、舌接法大多采用塑料薄膜缠绕固定和密封,培育1年后还需将缠绕的薄膜取下,以避免其影响苗木生长。介绍一种全新的嫁接工艺:选择舌接铁钉固定沾生长固定蜡(即SDRG)的方法,并确定了苹果机械化嫁接的工艺方案,解决了苗木嫁接结合部位的密封及固定问题。该嫁接工艺快捷、高效,可提高苗木成活率,节约劳动成本,对促进果树的工厂化育苗、适应机械化生产意义重大。

Current apple tree cultivation mainly depends on the grafted apple seedlings to realize the updating of apple seedlings,and common graft methods such as cut and pasted grating method,V-shaped grafting method,tongue grafting method,mainly use plastic membrane for fixation and sealing.After one-year cultivation,the plastic membrane should be removed to avoid affecting the growth of seedlings.A brand new grafting technology is introduced in this paper,in which a method involving tongue-shaped iron nails for fixation and use of growth wax for sealing(SDRG),with the process program of mechanized grafting for apple nursery stock determined,the fixation and sealing problems with the grafting parts of seedlings solved.This technology is characterized by quick speed,high efficiency,improved seedling survival rate,lowered labor cost and great significance to the industrialized seedling production of fruit trees and adaptation to mechanized production.