城市固体废弃物中氯含量的分析方法比较

Comparison and Improvement of Measurement Method of Chlorine Content of Municipal Solid Waste

低品位固体燃料如固体废弃物和生物质等通常含有氯元素(Cl)。在热化学过程中,燃料中的Cl会对颗粒物的排放和设备的运行造成一定的影响,并造成设备的腐蚀,因此有必要准确地量化燃料中的Cl含量。本文利用已有的Cl测定方法如燃烧法(氧弹燃烧法、艾士卡法)、水萃取法和XRF法对纯NaCl、PVC和固体废弃物模拟组分和厨余沼渣中的Cl含量进行检测和比较,提出一套能准确定量出含多种氯化物的城市固体废弃物中Cl含量的方法。结果表明,单一采用燃烧法、水萃取法和X射线荧光(XRF)法均无法准确量化城市固体废弃物中Cl的含量,而采用水萃取联合艾士卡法可以较准确地检测出城市固体废弃物中的Cl含量。

Low-rank solid fuels such as solid waste and biomass usually contain Chlorine(Cl),which affected the particulate matter emission during thermochemical process of the fuels and the operation of the equipment,and even caused corrosion.It is therefore necessary to accurately quantify the Cl content in the fuels.In this paper,the Cl content of pure NaCl,PVC and the simulated components of solid waste and the fermentation residue from food waste were analyzed and compared by using the existing Cl-detecting methods such as combustion(oxygen bomb combustion and Eschka method),water extraction and X-ray fluorescence(XRF)method,and a set of methods suitable for accurately quantifying the Cl content in municipal solid waste was proposed.Results showed that the single-use of combustion,water extraction and XRF cannot accurately quantify the Cl content in municipal solid waste,while the analysis result from water extraction combined with the Eschka method was more accurate.