法律政策性别平等评估基本问题研究

Study on Essential Issues of Assessment of Gender Equality in Laws and Policies

法律政策性别平等评估的核心是分析评判法律政策对性别平等的影响,在评估目的、评估标准、评估程序、评估主体等方面不同于一般的立法质量评估。该项评估具有检视男女不平等状况,提高决策者社会性别意识,阻却有悖于性别平等的法律政策,促进女性获得平等的权利、机会与能力,营造有利于性别平等的制度环境和文化氛围等多方面功能。应该建立适合我国国情的性别平等评估的管理体制机制,合理确定评估主管机关、实施机关和性别平等评估委员会的职责。可以从法律政策的起草制定过程、文本内容、实施效果等方面对其进行性别平等评估,并构建具体的评估指标体系;可以确立起草制定机关自主评估与性别平等评估委员会审核评估相结合的评估程序,采取定性、定量等多种方法进行评估。为了贯彻落实男女平等基本国策,我国应该建立国家层面的法律性别平等评估机制,并实现该机制的规范化和法律化。

The key element of assessment of gender equality in laws and policies involves evaluating whether laws,policies impose different influences on men and women directly or indirectly from the perspective of gender equality.The purpose,standard,work procedure,and method of gender equality assessment are not the same with ordinary legislation assessment.Gender equality assessment has many functions,such as examining the situations and problems of gender inequality,promoting gender awareness among law and policy makers,filtering out the law or policy which is contrary to gender equality,enabling women to improve their rights and opportunities and capabilities,helping create a social environment favorable for gender equality.A gender equality assessment management system and mechanism suitable for China’s national conditions should be established.The responsibilities of the authority,the enforcement agencies and the gender equality assessment committee should be confirmed.The assessment can be expanded in three ways that are drafting process,content and impact of the law or policy,and the concrete index system around these contents can be established.The assessment work procedure may be a combination of the independent assessment of drafting unit and the committee’s review process,adopting qualitative methods or quantitative methods.The basic State policy of gender equality should be carried out,the national gender equality assessment mechanism of laws and policies should be established,and its standardization and legalization may be achieved.