高校女生动作技能发展与体质健康提升:运动习惯的中介效应

Female College Students' Movement Skill Development and Physical Health Promotion: The Mediating Effect of Exercise Habits

党的十九大指出,"健康中国"将作为一项重要的国家战略,这体现了国家对人民健康的认识达到了新的高度。近些年,大学生体质健康下降,运动习惯是很重要的因素。如何培养高校女生的运动习惯,探寻动作技能、运动习惯、体质健康三者之间的内在关系是值得思考和研究的。本研究采用测量法、访谈法、问卷调查法等方法进行研究,使用修订的TGMD—2工具进行动作技能测量,采用教育部规定的测试仪器进行体质健康测量,采用自编的"运动习惯与健康状况调查问卷"进行问卷调查。结果发现:一是高校女生动作技能处于"一般—较好"的水平,运动习惯处于"一般"水平,体质健康平均分为75.15分,处于"中等"水平;二是生源地为沿海地区的女生在动作技能、体质健康、运动习惯、基础教育四个方面均好于内陆地区的女生,运动群体女生在动作技能、体质健康、运动习惯方面均好于非运动群体女生,在社会因素、个人因素、气氛因素上受到的影响显著小于非运动群体女生;三是体质健康与动作技能、运动习惯、基础教育之间均呈非常显著正相关,与体育参与阻碍因素呈非常显著负相关;四是运动习惯在动作技能与体质健康间起到了部分中介作用。

To develop the exercise habits of college girls,it is worth considering and researching the inner connection between movement skills,sports habits and physical health.The study used literature method,interview method,measurement method,questionnaire method and other methods to conduct this research.Besides,this study used the revised TGMD-2tools to measure the movement skills,together with the testing equipment prescribed by the Ministry of Education measuring the physical health,and self-made questionnaire of exercise habits and health status.The results show that:(1)college girls’movement skills are at the level from“general”to“good”.Their exercising habits are at the level of“general”,while the average score of their physical health is75.15,which is at the“medium”level.(2)Students from coastal regions are better than inland regions in terms of movement skills,physical health,exercise habit,and basic education.Girls in sports group are better than those from non-sports group in terms of movement skills,physical health,exercise habit,and basic education,and they are less likely to be affected by social,personal factors and atmosphere factors than the non-group girls.(3)There is a significant positive correlation between physical health and movement skills,exercise habit and basic education.And there is a significant negative correlation between physical health and the factors of obstacles in participating in sports activities.(4)Exercise habit partly plays a role in mediating movement skills and physical health.