农户收入结构差异归因及优化路径选择研究

The influence factors and optimization path of households' income structure

以关中地区内21个乡村为例,借助地理探测器和Tobit模型分别诊断了作用于农户收入结构转变和收入高低的影响因子,确定收入结构优化过程中不同阶段各要素的优先序列,因地制宜的为不同规划发展目标下的村庄提供相应的资源配置参考建议。研究表明:(1)收入结构单因子解释力由高到低依次为家庭类型、人均耕地面积、劳动力受教育程度、村到最近城市距离、村庄主导产业、抚养比;任意两因子交互作用后对收入结构的解释力加强。(2)作用于不同类型收入的影响因子存在差异。(3)计划进行土地流转的村庄应首先引导农户以工资性收入作为主要生计来源;计划推进村域产业发展的村庄则应首先引导农户以经营性收入作为主要生计来源。

In this article,21villages in Guanzhong area were selected,Geodetector and Tobit regression model are used to diagnose the impact factors on the change of income structure and income level of farmers respectively,and to determine the priority sequence of each factor in different stages in the process of optimization of income structure,and to provide the corresponding reference and suggestion on resource configuration for villiages with different planning and development according to local conditions.The results show that:①The explanatory power of single factor of income structure from high to low follows:family type,cultivated land per capita,education level of labor force,distance from village to nearest city,village leading industry,dependency ratio.The explanatory power of the income structure is strengthened after the interaction of any two factor.②There are differences in influencing factors on different types of income.③The villages that plan to transfer land should first guide the farmers to take the wage income as the main source of livelihood.The villages that plan to promote the development of village industry should first guide farmers to take running income as the main source of livelihood.