畦灌液施方式对夏玉米灌溉质量和水分利用率的影响

Effect of Border Fertigation Model on Irrigation Quality and Water Using Efficiency of Summer Maize

通过田间夏玉米畦灌试验,分析畦灌液施方式对作物生长和土壤水氮的影响,评价不同处理下的灌溉施肥质量和水分利用效率,探究适宜的畦灌液施方式。在畦田试验中选择不同畦宽、施肥时机和改水成数,采用正交设计选取最优的液施组合。结果表明,不同畦灌处理对土壤水氮存储效率影响不显著,但对水氮均匀度产生显著影响,土壤水分存储效率(59%～63%)略低于氮素存储效率(61%～64%),而均匀度(95%～99%)略高于氮素均匀度(85%～94%)。畦宽、施肥时机和改水成数显著影响夏玉米产量和水分利用效率。综合各项指标考虑,畦宽为1.5m、改水成数为95%和灌溉到畦长1/2时施肥的畦灌灌水施肥方式下具有较高的土壤水氮储存效率(63.36%和64.01%)和均匀度(98.71%和94.42%),为作物高效吸收利用提供较为均匀的土壤状态,从而获得较高产量(9 886.1kg/hm2)和水分利用效率(2.62kg/(hm2·mm))。

Field experiment of border irrigation of summer maize was conducted to analyze the effect of border fertigation model on crop growth as well as soil water and nitrogen,evaluate the irrigation fertilization quality and water using efficiency under different treatment,and investigate suitable model of border fertigation.Different border width,fertilization timing,and inflow cutoff were selected in the field experiment,and the optimum level combination of fertigation was selected by orthogonal design.The results showed that the influence of different treatment on storage efficiency of soil water and nitrogen are not significant,but the effect on soil nitrate uniformity is obvious and it is same to soil water.The storage efficiency of soil water(59%~63%)were lower than that of soil nitrogen(61%~64%)while the uniformity of soil water(95%~99%)were higher than that of soil nitrogen(85%~94%).The yield and water using efficiency were significant affected by border width,timing of fertilization and inflow cutoff.Considering all the indexes,the border fertigation model with the border width of1.5m,the inflow cutoff of95%,and applying fertilizer as water advanced at1/2of the border length showed higher storage efficiency(63.36%and64.01%)and uniformity(98.71%and94.42%)of soil water and nitrogen,was benefit to form a uniform soil condition for crops absorption and uptake,and could achieve a higher yield(9886.1kg/hm2)and water using efficiency(2.62kg/(hm2·mm)).