不同灌溉方式和灌水量对北疆加工番茄生理生长及产量的影响

Effects of Different Irrigation Methods and Irrigation Amount on Physiological Growth and Yield of Processing Tomato in Northern Xinjiang

为探讨不同灌溉方式和灌水量对滴灌加工番茄生长特性、生理特性、产量及灌溉水利用效率的影响,寻求适宜新疆干旱地区加工番茄种植的灌水组合模式,优化干旱地区滴灌加工番茄种植管理。采用桶栽试验,设置3种灌溉方式,即分根区交替灌溉(APRI)、固定灌溉(FPRI)和常规灌溉(CI)分别与滴灌覆膜结合,在3个灌溉水平(充分灌溉1 060mm、中度亏水810mm和重度亏水560mm,APRI和FPRI的灌水量为CI的2/3)下对加工番茄株高、茎粗、叶面积指数、光合、荧光、产量、灌溉水利用效率的影响,并得出最佳灌水组合模式。结果表明:9个处理间加工番茄各生育期株高变化规律均为CW1>AW1>CW2>AW2>FW1>CW3>AW3>FW2>FW3(平均值);茎粗变化规律均为AW1> AW2>CW1>CW2> AW3>FW1>CW3>FW2>FW3(平均值);叶面积指数变化规律为AW1>CW1>CW2>AW2>FW1>CW3>AW3>FW2>FW3(平均值);株高、茎粗和叶面积指数的最大生长速率均表现为AW1>CW1>CW2>AW2>FW1>FW2>CW3>AW3>FW3;灌溉方式和灌水量交互作用对各生育期Pn和Tr均具有极显著影响(P<0.01),在同一灌溉方式下,Pn和Tr均随着灌水量的增加而增加,在AW1处达到最大值。W1水平下,Pn和Tr变化为APRI>CI>FPRI(平均值)。W2和W3水平下,Pn和Tr变化为CI>APRI>FPRI(平均值);灌溉方式对加工番茄各生育期功能叶Fv/Fm、Fv/F0的影响显著(P<0.01),对qp的影响显著(P<0.05);灌水量对加工番茄各生育期功能叶Fv/Fm、Fv/F0的影响不显著(P>0.05),对花果期及膨大期qp及NPQ的影响极显著(P<0.01);灌溉方式和灌水量交互作用均对加工番茄各生育期荧光参数的影响达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。其中,产量(Y)最大值出现在AW1处理,为3.41kg/盆;最小值出现在FW3处理,为1.31kg/盆,相对增加1.60倍。研究认为分根区交替灌溉充分灌水条件可作为适宜本地区的灌水组合模式,本研究可为新疆干旱区滴灌加工番茄高效节水生产提供科学依据。

In order to explore the effects of different irrigation methods and irrigation amounts on the growth characteristics,physiological characteristics,yield,and irrigation water use efficiency of processing tomato under drip irrigation,the irrigation combination method suitable for processing tomato cultivation in arid regions of Xinjiang was sought to optimize the management of tomato planting in drip irrigation in arid areas.Pot test experiments were carried out on three irrigation methods(APRI,FPRI and CI)with three irrigation quotas(conventional irrigation level:1060mm,moderate water deficit:810mm and severe water deficit:560mm,the irrigation quota of APRI and FPRI are two thirds as CI)coupled with drip irrigation to explore plant height,stem diameter,leaf area index,photosynthesis,fluorescence,yield,irrigation water use efficiency and optimal irrigation combination model were studied.The results showed that the variation of plant height in different growth stages of processing tomato was:CW1>AW1>CW2>AW2>FW1>CW3>AW3>FW2>FW3(average),and the change of stem diameter and leaf area index was:AW1>AW2>CW1>CW2>AW3>FW1>CW3>FW2>FW3(average),growth potential and maximum growth rate of plant height,stem diameter and leaf area index were:AW1>CW1>CW2>AW2>FW1>CW3>AW3>FW2>FW3;the interaction between irrigation method and irrigation amount had significant effects on P n and T r,in each growth period(P<0.01).Under the same irrigation mode,P n and T r increased with the increase of irrigation amount.The maximum is reached at AW1.At W1level,P n and T r change to:APRI>CI>FPRI(average value).At W2and W3levels,P n and T r change to:CI>APRI>FPRI(average);The effect of irrigation method on F v/F m and F v/F0of functional leaves of processing tomato was significant(P<0.01),and the effect on q p was significant(P<0.05).The amount of irrigation on functional leaves of processing tomato on F v/F m and F v/F0was not significant(P>0.05),and the effect on q p and NPQ in flowering and expansion period was extremely significant(P<0.01).The interaction between irrigation method and irrigation amount had a significant effect on the fluorescence parameters of processing tomato in each growth period(P<0.01).Among them,the maximum yield(Y)appeared in AW1treatment,which was149155kg/hm2;the minimum appeared in FW3treatment,which was57060kg/hm2,a relative increase of2.61times.The research suggests that the full irrigation condition of alternate root-zoon irrigation can be used as a suitable irrigation combination model in this area.This study can provide a scientific basis for efficient water-saving production of processing tomato in drip irrigation in Xinjiang.