乡村振兴战略下的乡村治理转型与完善

The Transformation and Improvement of Rural Governance under the Rural Revitalization Strategy

党的十九大报告提出了"产业兴旺、生态宜居、乡风文明、治理有效、生活富裕"五位一体的乡村振兴战略,要求健全自治、法治、德治相结合的乡村治理体系,加快推进农业农村现代化。在我国农村经济转型进程中,乡村治理是国家行政和村庄社会为实现乡村运行有序、公共产品有效供给而进行的互动与合作过程,对乡村振兴战略实施具有重要意义。本文运用Nvivo11自动文本分析工具对1982-2018年中央一号文件进行内容分析的基础上,从权利基础、理念取向、实践目标、实现路径四个方面考察改革开放以来我国乡村治理的演进历程:我国乡村治理过程中主体权利不断强化;社会协商参与增强;城乡发展日渐融合,乡村公共服务日益完善;实现了制度供给与基层自治的有机结合。在乡村振兴战略背景下,我国乡村治理需要继续强化政府和村庄在微观层面的互动机制,进一步规范乡镇政府权责体系、严格对于村庄精英群体行为的约束、完善村级党组织引导下的乡规民约建设。

The report of the19th National Congress of the Communist Party in China put forward a five-in-one Rural Revitalization Strategy including“industrial prosperity,ecological livability,rural civilization,effective governance,and well-off life”.It requires a regular rural governance system which contains autonomy,rule of law,and rule of morality to accelerate agricultural and rural modernization.In the process of rural economic transformation of China,rural governance is the process of interaction and cooperation between the state administration and the village society in order to make rural society order well-functioning and rural public goods effectively supplied,which is significant to the implementation of the Rural Revitalization Strategy.Based on the content analysis of the Central Document No.1from1982to2018,this paper uses the Nvivo11-an automatic text analysis tool-to examine the evolution of China′s rural governance from four aspects since the reform and opening up:rights foundation,concept orientation,practical goal and realization path,finding that farmers′rights are continuously strengthened,consultative participation are enhanced,urban and rural development is gradually integrated and the rural public services are perfected,the institutional supply and grassroots autonomy are combined organically.Under the situation of Rural Revitalization Strategy,China′s rural governance needs to strengthen the interaction mechanism between the government and village at the micro level,further standardize the township governments′power and responsibility system,strictly enforce the behavioral constraints of the village elite groups,and improve the rural regulations under the guidance of village CPC′s organizations.