共同海损的成立基础

On the Establishment Foundation of General Average

共同海损的成立基础和构成要件分属两个概念。衡量拯救船和货以及其他财产于危难之中所采取的措施和为此做出的牺牲及产生的费用是否属于共同海损的行为及其后果的,是构成共同海损的那些形式要件。而无人应对造成共同危险的原因负责,则是共同海损成立的基础。只要这个决定共同海损成立的基础存在,共同海损制度就有存在条件和适用的空间。因为只有能够被各利益方共同分摊,共同海损才有意义;所以共同海损能否成立,不但取决于其形式上的构成要件,最终将取决于其成立基础。即使其形式上的构成要件已经具备,但是如果其成立的基础不存在,则实质意义上的共同海损最终仍不能成立。分析共同海损成立的基础可以得出这样的认识,即:共同海损制度不但适用于国际海上运输领域,而且可以适用于沿海运输和内河运输。

The establishment foundation and the constituent elements of general average are two conceptsMeasuring whether the measures taken to save the ship and the cargo as well as the other property in distress and the sacrifices made and the costs incurred there for are acts of general average and their consequences,are the formal requirements that constitute general averageNo one responsible for the cause of a common danger is the basis for the establishment foundation of general averageAs long as the basis for the establishment foundation of general average exists,there is a room for its existence and applicationOnly because the contribution in general average can be made among all the beneficiary parties and the general average will be meaningfulWhether the general average can be established depends not only on its formal elements,but ultimately depends on its basic fundamental conditionsEven if its constituent elements are already in existence,if the foundation does not exist,the general average in essence will not be establishedThe analysis of analyzing the establishment foundation of general average can be reached that the general average is applicable not only to international maritime transportation,but to coastal transportation and inland waterway transport as well.