先秦法家法治思想中正义理念之渊源——以管仲、商鞅为例

The Origin of the Concept of “Justice” in the Pre-Qin Legalist's Thought:Taking Guan Zhong and Shang Yang for Examples

先秦时期法家所主张的法治思想正义理念在其所处的战乱时代发挥着不可忽视的政治效用。它既是秦国进行统一六国战争的政治保障,也是汉代承袭秦朝之制度源脉,以至影响了中国政治社会之后数千年的发展进程。逐本溯源,先秦时期法家的正义理念肇始于管仲基于"道"的自然法观念,而商鞅的"历史演进"理论和"法治主义"则是在秉承了管仲对于人与自然认知的基础上所进行的因时、因地制宜,在承继了先秦时期法家正义理念发展的同时,对其进行了工具意义上的扬弃。准确把握先秦时期法家法治思维中正义的理念,有助于更好地利用和发扬优秀的本土资源,但与此同时也应当注意到先秦时期法家法治思维独特的时代局限性。

The concept of“justice”in the Pre-Qin legalist’s thought had been playing a great role in the Qin Dynasty unified,and it influenced the development of Chinese Society for thousands of years.The legal thoughts of the“justice”ideas originated in Guan Zhong‘s"Tao",and developed by the“historical evolution”and“nationalism”of Shang Yang.In the facing of challenges and transformation of contemporary China,the problem of“justice”and“local resources”is extremely critical.But at the same time,we should pay attention to the unique limitations and deficiencies of the times.