试论成语中的程度量

On the Degree Quantity in Idioms

成语中的程度量有的是描写性质状态的,有的是描写动作行为(包括心理活动)的。程度量具有"客观性与主观性""静态性与动态性""明确性与模糊性""可比性"等特点。成语描写程度量的方法有"词面标量法"和"深层表量法"以及"描写具体的事物以体现抽象的程度量义的方法"等等。成语表达程度量的手段主要是通过语法和修辞。

Some of the degree quantity in idioms are either to describe property or state,some describe action or behavior(including psychological activities).The degree quantity has the characteristics of"objectivity and subjectivity","static and dynamic","clarity and fuzziness","comparability"and so on.Description of degree quantity in idioms fall into the following categories,that is,"word surface scalar method"and"deep gauge method","describing the specific things in order to reflect the degree of abstraction".Categories of matter,time or space are applied to the expression of degree quantity.There are mainly grammatical and rhetorical means to express the degree quantity of idioms.