对“放在桌子上”结构的再认知

The Re-cognition of the Structure of "fang zai zhuo zi shang"

"放在桌子上"的句法形式表现为"V+P+NP"。从内部结构看,它属于述宾结构[(V+P)+NP],而非述补结构[V+(P+NP)]。其中,"V+P"是具有动词性质的动介式短语词作整个结构的述语,P由于正处于虚化的过程中而具有前附性,但仍为介词性质。对该结构的重新分析主要采用了生成句法中的核心移位原则以及嫁接与移位同向假设来说明。核心移位致使动词核心"放"与介词短语核心"在"进行合并,嫁接与移位同向假设则进一步使"在"位于"放"的右侧而形成"放在",最后通过轻动词与核心移位相结合而形成正常的语序"放在桌子上"。

The syntactic form of"fang zai zhuo zi shang"is"V+P+NP".From the internal structure,it belongs to the predicate-object structure as[(V+P)+NP],but not to the complement structure as[V+(P+NP)].In it,"V+P"is actually a verb-medium phrasal word with verb nature and it is also the predicate of the whole structure.But P is still a preposition though it is in the process of grammaticalization.The Head Movement Principle and the Homomorphic hypothesis in generative grammar are the way we use to reanalyze the structure.The former causes the core of the verb"fang"and prepositional phrase core"zai"to merge.On the other hand,the latter further makes"zai"on the right side of"fang"to become"fang zai",and finally forms a normal word order"fang zai zhuo zi shang"through the combination of light verbs and head movement.