学生伤害事故责任认定及风险防范——基于2017年510例司法诉讼案件的实证研究

Responsibility Identification and Risk Prevention of Student Injury Accidents:An Empirical Study Based on 510 Judicial Cases in 2017

如何认定学生伤害事故的双方责任,如何降低和防范事故的发生是学校、家长及公众共同关注的焦点。采用司法案例大数据与个案分析相结合的方法,针对2017年发生在全国的510例学生伤害事故案件进行研究,可以发现,学校在90%的学生伤害案件中都承担责任,且承担主要责任和全部责任的情形居多。在学生之间的行为引发的事故、体育运动伤害事故、学校场地及设施引发的事故及学生自身行为引发的事故中,学校所承担的责任比例有所不同,具有潜在的规律。通过法院对学校责任认定的分析,建议学校提升安全教育的实效性,强化学校安全管理制度执行的有效性,建立伤害事故的应急处理机制。同时,呼吁社会各界应合理界定学校承担责任的边界与限度。

How to identify the responsibility of both sides of student injury accidents and how to reduce and prevent accidents are the focus of attention of schools,parents and the public.By employing big data analysis and case study,this paper studies510cases of student injury accidents across the country in2017.It can be found that in90%of the cases of student injury,schools bear the responsibility,and most of them bear main or full responsibility.In the accidents caused by students'behavior,sports injuries,school venues and facilities,and students'own behavior,the proportion of responsibility assumed by the school is different,with hidden laws.Through the analysis of the court's confirmation of school responsibility,it is suggested that schools should enhance the effectiveness of safety education,promote the effective implementation of safety management system,and establish standard process for dealing with injury accidents.At the same time,it calls for a reasonable definition of the scope of school responsibility.