禁牧和草畜平衡补偿标准问题研究——以甘肃玛曲县为例

Study on the Compensation Standard of Banning Grazing and Grass Balance—Taking Maqu County in Gansu Province as an Example

[目的]探寻与地方性知识相沟通与对接的因地制宜的补偿标准。[方法]选取甘肃玛曲县作为研究区域,以拥有草场且以草场放牧为主要生计方式的牧户为调查与访谈对象,运用机会成本法,以草场和牲畜为载体分别核算了牧户在禁牧草场和放牧草场(草畜平衡管理)的经济利益损失,即补偿标准。[结果]禁牧草场每年的补偿标准为6 625.125万元、375元/hm^2;放牧草场进行草畜平衡管理,每年的补偿总额为29 424.00万元,按户的补偿标准为3.63万元/户,按单位面积的补偿标准为431.43元/hm^2,每年需要核减的超载牲畜为36.78万羊单位,通过4.36年便可将超载的牲畜全部核减完毕。[结论]该研究为同类区域草原生态补偿项目补偿标准的制定提供参考。

[Objective]The research aimed to explore the appropriate compensation standards for communication and connection with local knowledge.[Method]Maqu County of Gansu Province was selected as the research area.The herdsmen who had grassland and pasture grazing as the main means of livelihood were investigated and interviewed.Using the opportunity cost method,the pastures and livestock were used as carriers to calculate the economic benefits of the herdsmen in the forbidden pastures and grazing pastures(grass and livestock balance management),that was compensation standards.[Result]The annual compensation rate of banned pasture was662.5125million yuan,375yuan/hm2;Grazing pasture grass and livestock balance management,the annual total compensation of294.24million yuan,household compensation standards for3.63million yuan/household,according to the compensation standard for unit area of431.43yuan/hm2,annual burden of overloaded livestock for the367800sheep units,after4.36years,all the overloaded livestock will be completely reduced.[Conclusion]This study provides a reference for the formulation of compensation standards for grassland ecological compensation projects in the same region.