体力与脑力职业人群的心理健康状况流行病学研究

Epidemiological study on mental health status of physical and mental occupational groups

目的研究职业人群的心理健康情况,了解各行业的职业紧张和职业倦怠的程度,为卫生部门提供理论支持。方法采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法,使用职业测量倦怠问卷、工作紧张测量量表(JSS)和职业紧张量表(OSI-R),在抽取的8个具有代表性的地州市中对18～60岁的符合要求的不同职业职工进行面对面问卷调查。对脑力劳动和体力劳动人群职业紧张和职业倦怠水平,以及脑力劳动者不同职业人群职业紧张和职业倦怠水平进行比较。结果脑力劳动者在工作紧张、工作压力以及组织支持缺乏这三项的指数、强度、频度都高于体力劳动者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。体力和脑力劳动人群在倦怠总分、情感耗竭、人格解体以及成就感降低因素得分上的差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)。医务人员职业紧张和工作压力得分最高,其次是教师。医务人员的职业倦怠总分、情感耗竭以及人格解体得分最高,成就感降低得分位居首位的是教师人群。结论脑力劳动者和体力劳动者职业紧张、职业倦怠的程度不同,且脑力劳动者不同职业人群的各项职业紧张和职业倦怠维度因子有所差别。

Objective To study the mental health status of occupational population in Xinjiang,to understand the degree of occupational stress and burnout in various industries,and to provide theoretical support for health departments.Methods A multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling method was used to conduct face-to-face questionnaires among18to60-year-old employees of different occupations in eight representative prefectures and cities using the Job Measurement Burnout Questionnaire,Job Stress Scale(JSS)and Occupational Stress Inventory(OSI-R).The levels of occupational stress and burnout among mental and physical workers,and the levels of occupational stress and burnout among different occupational groups of mental workers were compared.Results The index,intensity and frequency of mental workers in work stress,work stress and lack of organizational support were higher than those of manual workers,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).There were significant differences in the total scores of burnout,emotional exhaustion,personality disintegration and achievement reduction among physical and mental workers(P<0.05).Medical staff scored the highest occupational stress and work stress,followed by teachers.The total scores of burnout,emotional exhaustion and personality disintegration of medical staff were the highest,and the lowering scores of achievement ranked first among the teachers.Conclusion The degree of occupational stress and burnout is different between mental workers and physical workers,and the occupational stress and burnout index of different mental work occupations are different.