乡村振兴背景下陕西产业扶贫的路径选择与模式分析

The Achieving Methods and Model Analysis of Shaanxi Industrial Poverty Under the Background of Rural Revitalization

产业是乡村最为重要的经济基础,产业兴旺是乡村振兴的第一要务,通过产业兴旺实现扶贫开发,是精准扶贫的重要组成部分和实现路径。陕西在产业扶贫实践过程中,涌现出了省供销合作社主导的"政府(扶贫办)+供销社(供销企业集团)+农户(贫困户)+企业(合作社)+金融(保险)"模式、以商南、延长为代表的"先借后还"无本脱贫模式、以大荔、洛南为代表的扶贫资金量化折股模式、千阳县"项目超市"菜单式扶贫模式、白水县的"果园托管"模式、榆阳赵家峁村的"三变"等模式。本文通过对典型模式的分析,提出在推进产业精准扶贫过程中要尊重扶贫对象的主体地位,适度兼顾扶贫政策的公平性,充分发挥财政扶贫资金的引导作用,积极调动新型经营主体参与扶贫开发的积极性,并优化新型经营主体与贫困群众的利益联结机制,最大限度地发挥产业扶贫的辐射带动效应。

Industry is the most important economic foundation of rural areas.Industrial prosperity is the first priority of rural revitalization.It is an important component and realization path of targeted poverty alleviation.There are six models of industrial poverty in the Shaanxi practice.They are“government+supply and marketing enterprise group+farmers+enterprise+financial"mode dominated by provincial supply and marketing cooperatives,“return after the borrow”mode represented by Shang Na and Yan Chang,poverty alleviation funds quantitative fold mode represented by Da Li and Luo Nan,Qian Yang’s"project supermarket"menu mode,Bai Shui’s"orchard custody"mode and Yu Yang’s“three changes”mode.Based on the analysis of typical models,this paper proposes that in the process of promoting industrial targeted poverty alleviation,we should respect the main position of the target of poverty,give due consideration to the fairness of poverty alleviation policies,give full play to the guiding role of financial poverty alleviation funds,actively mobilize the initiative of new business entities to participate in poverty alleviation and development,and optimize the mechanism of interest connection between new business entities and the poor,so as to maximize the radiation driving effect of industrial poverty alleviation.