德系西门塔尔牛与荷斯坦牛及其杂种后代育肥及屠宰性能研究

Comparison Study on Fattening and Slaughtering Performance of German Simmental, Holstein and their Crossbred

为研究德系西门塔尔牛与荷斯坦牛及其杂交后代的育肥及屠宰性能,实验选择5月龄、体重150~200kg的健康公牛15头,其中荷斯坦公牛、西×荷杂种一代公牛(简称西荷杂种牛)、德系西门塔尔公牛各5头,育肥372 d后屠宰测定。结果表明:德系西门塔尔与西荷杂种牛的全期增重、胴体重、净肉重显著高于荷斯坦(P<0.05);西荷杂种牛屠宰率、皮率显著高于荷斯坦(P<0.05),而德系西门塔尔与荷斯坦则达到极显著水平(P<0.01);德系西门塔与西荷杂种牛净肉率均极显著高于荷斯坦(P<0.01);德系西门塔尔的肉骨比显著高于荷斯坦(P<0.05);德系西门塔尔、西荷杂种牛与荷斯坦三者皮厚之间两两比较均差异显著(P<0.05),且德系西门塔尔与荷斯坦差异极显著(P<0.01);德系西门塔尔牛的眼肌面积显著高于荷斯坦牛(P<0.05);除胴体产肉率、肉骨比和皮厚外,其余生长、胴体性状各指标杂种优势率均为正值;除肉的pH、系水力外,其余肉质性状杂种优势率为负值。由此可见,西荷杂种一代的生长性能、胴体性能较其母本品种荷斯坦牛有较大程度提高。

The aim of the experiment was to investigate the fattening and slaughtering performance of German Simmental and Holstein crossbred offspring.The experiment chose 15 healthy bulls of about 5 months of age and weighing between 150 and 200 kg.Among them,there are 5 Holstein Bulls,5 Simmental-Holstein crossbred bulls,5 German Simmental Bulls,and slaughtering determination was carried out after 372 days of fattening.The results showed that the total weight gain in whole period,carcass weight and meat weight of German Simmental and Simmental-Holstein crossbred cattle were significantly higher than that of Holstein(P<0.05);The carcass yield and fur rate of Simmental-Holstein crossbred cattle were significantly higher than that of Holstein(P<0.05),The carcass yield and fur rate of German Simmental and Holstein were extremely significant(P<0.01);The meat percentage of German Simmental and Simmental-Holstein crossbred cattle were higher than Holstein and reached a very significant level(P<0.01);The ratio of meat and bone of German Simmental was significantly higher than that of Holstein(P<0.05);In terms of skin thickness indicator,comparison between German Simmental and Simmental-Holstein crossbred cattle,and comparison between Simmental-Holstein crossbred cattle and Holstein were significantly different(P<0.05),however,German Simmental was compared with Holstein reached a very significant level(P<0.01);The loineye musclearea of German Simmental was significantly higher than that of Holstein(P<0.05).In the rate of Heterosis,All other indexes were positive among the indexes of growth and carcass traits,except for meat yield in carcass,ratio of meat and bone,skin thickness.In addition to pH value and water binding capacity,the others were negative in all indexes of meat quality properties.The results showed that:The indexes of growth and carcass properties on the offsprings of German simmental and Holstein are higher than that of female parent.