山鸡椒雌花花芽分化形态特征及碳氮营养变化

Flower Bud Anatomical Characteristics and Carbon and Nitrogen Nutrition Changes of Litsea cubeba in Female Flower Bud Differentiation

目的]了解和掌握山鸡椒雌花花芽分化的形态特征及碳氮营养规律,为山鸡椒人工栽培及杂交育种提供参考依据。[方法]采用石蜡切片法观察山鸡椒雌花花芽分化的组织解剖结构,采用生理试剂盒-分光光度法测定雌花不同分化时期的可溶性糖、淀粉、可溶性蛋白、碳氮比等碳氮营养指标。[结果]表明:(1)山鸡椒雌花花芽分化经过未分化期—花序原基分化期—苞片原基分化期—花原基分化期—花器官分化期5个时期。(2)叶片可溶性糖含量随着花芽分化的发展呈不断升高的趋势,最高可达65.07 mg·g^(-1)。叶片淀粉含量随着分化时期的推进呈先升后降的趋势,其最高值出现在苞片原基分化期,达到81.30 mg·g^(-1),最低值出现在花器官分化期,为52.19 mg·g^(-1)。(3)叶片可溶性蛋白含量在花芽前3个分化期呈持续下降趋势,从61.32 mg·g^(-1)下降到52.48 mg·g^(-1),之后基本保持稳定。叶片中的碳氮比在花芽前3个分化期呈持续上升趋势,从1.49上升至2.61,之后基本维持在较高水平。[结论]山鸡椒雌花花芽分化的内部形态特征与雄花基本一致,雌花花芽分化分为5个时期。山鸡椒雌花花芽分化过程中,叶片中可溶性糖不断升高,而可溶性蛋白下降明显,碳氮比升高且保持在较高水平。

[Objective]To understand and grasp flower bud anatomical characteristics and carbon and nitrogen nutrition of Litsea cubeba in female flower bud differentiation,and provide reference for artificial cultivation and cross breeding of Litsea cubeba.[Method]The histological anatomy of the female flower bud differentiation of L.cubeba was observed by paraffin section method.The carbon and nitrogen nutrition indexes of soluble sugar,starch,soluble protein and carbon nitrogen ratio were determined by physiological kit and spectrophotometry.[Result](1)The differentiation of the female flower bud in L.cubeba followed five stages:undifferentiation,inflorescence primordium differentiation,bract primordium differentiation,flower primordium differentiation and floral organ differentiation.(2)The soluble sugar content of leaves increased with the development of the female flower bud differentiation,and the highest value was 65.07 mg·g^-1.The starch content of leaves increased at first and then decreased with the development of the female flower bud differentiation,and the highest value appeared in the stage of bract primordium differentiation,which reached 81.30 mg·g^-1,and the lowest value appeared in floral organ differentiation stage,which was 52.19 mg·g^-1.(3)The content of soluble protein in leaves decreased continuously from 61.32 mg·g^-1 to 52.48 mg·g^-1 in the first three stages,and then remained stable.The ratio of carbon to nitrogen in leaves increased continuously from 1.49 to 2.61 in the first three stages,and then remained stable in the high level.[Conclusion]The internal anatomical characteristics of the female flower bud differentiation of L.cubeba are similar to those of the male flower bud differentiation,and the female flower bud differentiation is divided into five periods.More and more soluble sugars are accumulated in leaves in the process of the female flower differentiation,and soluble proteins decreases obviously,while the ratio of carbon to nitrogen increases and remains at a relatively high level.