生物活性支架在骨组织工程中的应用及进展

Application and progress of bioactive scaffolds in bone tissue engineering

背景:随着生物打印技术与化学合成技术的进展,将这些技术纳入组织工程支架制作,用于促进骨再生已成为当今研究的热点。目的:介绍生物活性骨组织工程支架,讨论并总结不同制作材料在促进骨再生及治疗骨缺损方面的应用。方法:由第一作者于2018年7至9月以"bone tissue engineer,3D-printed,scaffold,composite scaffold"为关键词,检索2003至2018年期间PubMed、Web of Science、SpringerLink、Medline数据库发表的相关文献。初检文章237篇,筛选后对70篇文章进行分析。结果与结论:生物活性支架主要包括金属材料复合支架、生物陶瓷材料复合支架与聚合物材料复合支架,目前已被应用于骨组织工程中。已开发了几个具有临床转化成功的骨和软骨构建体实例,其中陶瓷和聚合物复合材料与天然骨具有相似的组织组成和良好的生物相容性,可能获得最大成功。若可将现有的生物活性材料、生长因子、功能化技术和仿生支架设计相结合,在未来可能为特定患者创建复杂的骨组织工程支架,这也为治疗各种具有挑战性的疾病提供了希望,包括骨肿瘤、骨质疏松症和严重的骨缺损。

BACKGROUND:With the advancement of bio-printing technology and chemical synthesis technology,the incorporation of these technologies into tissue engineering scaffolds for promoting bone regeneration has become a hot topic in current research.OBJECTIVE:To introduce bioactive bone tissue engineering scaffolds,and to discuss and summarize the application of different scaffold materials in promoting bone regeneration and treating bone defects.METHODS:The first author searched PubMed,Web of Science,SpringerLink,and Medline databases in July to September2018for relevant articles published from2003to2018using the keywords of“bone tissue engineer,3D-printed,scaffold,composite scaffold”.Initially,237articles were retrieved,and only70articles were eligible for result analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Bioactive scaffolds mainly include metal composite scaffolds,bioceramic composite scaffolds and polymer composite scaffolds,which have been used in bone tissue engineering.Several examples of successful bone and cartilage construction with clinical transformation have been developed,in which bioceramic and polymer composites may be the most successful due to their similar tissue composition and good biocompatibility with natural bone.And if combined with existing bioactive materials,growth factors,functionalization techniques and biomimetic scaffold designs,the potential for creating complex bone tissue engineering scaffolds for patient-specific applications in the future is enormous.This also provides hope for the treatment of a variety of challenging diseases,including bone tumor,osteoporosis and severe bone defects.